swapoff

SWAPON(8)                    System Administration                   SWAPON(8)

NAME
       swapon, swapoff - enable/disable devices and files for paging and swap-
       ping

SYNOPSIS
       swapon [options] [specialfile...]
       swapoff [-va] [specialfile...]

DESCRIPTION
       swapon is used to specify devices on which paging and swapping  are  to
       take place.

       The  device or file used is given by the specialfile parameter.  It may
       be of the form -L label or -U uuid to indicate a  device  by  label  or
       uuid.

       Calls  to  swapon  normally occur in the system boot scripts making all
       swap devices available, so that the paging and swapping activity is in-
       terleaved across several devices and files.

       swapoff disables swapping on the specified devices and files.  When the
       -a flag is given, swapping is disabled on all known  swap  devices  and
       files (as found in /proc/swaps or /etc/fstab).

OPTIONS
       -a, --all
              All devices marked as ``swap'' in /etc/fstab are made available,
              except for those with the ``noauto'' option.  Devices  that  are
              already being used as swap are silently skipped.

       -d, --discard[=policy]
              Enable  swap  discards,  if the swap backing device supports the
              discard or trim operation.  This may improve performance on some
              Solid  State  Devices, but often it does not.  The option allows
              one to select  between  two  available  swap  discard  policies:
              --discard=once  to  perform  a single-time discard operation for
              the whole swap area  at  swapon;  or  --discard=pages  to  asyn-
              chronously  discard  freed  swap pages before they are available
              for reuse.  If no policy is selected, the default behavior is to
              enable  both  discard  types.  The /etc/fstab mount options dis-
              card, discard=once, or discard=pages may also be used to  enable
              discard flags.

       -e, --ifexists
              Silently  skip  devices that do not exist.  The /etc/fstab mount
              option nofail may also be used to skip non-existing device.

       -f, --fixpgsz
              Reinitialize (exec mkswap) the swap space if its page size  does
              not  match  that  of the current running kernel.  mkswap(2) ini-
              tializes the whole device and does not check for bad blocks.

       -h, --help
              Display help text and exit.

       -L label
              Use the partition that has the specified label.  (For this,  ac-
              cess to /proc/partitions is needed.)

       -o, --options opts
              Specify  swap  options  by  an  fstab-compatible comma-separated
              string.  For example:

                     swapon -o pri=1,discard=pages,nofail /dev/sda2

              The opts string is evaluated last and overrides all  other  com-
              mand line options.

       -p, --priority priority
              Specify  the  priority  of the swap device.  priority is a value
              between -1 and 32767.  Higher numbers indicate higher  priority.
              See  swapon(2)  for  a full description of swap priorities.  Add
              pri=value to the option field of /etc/fstab for use with  swapon
              -a.  When no priority is defined, it defaults to -1.

       -s, --summary
              Display  swap  usage  summary  by  device.   Equivalent  to "cat
              /proc/swaps".  This output format is  DEPRECATED  in  favour  of
              --show that provides better control on output data.

       --show[=column...]
              Display  a definable table of swap areas.  See the --help output
              for a list of available columns.

       --output-all
              Output all available columns.

       --noheadings
              Do not print headings when displaying --show output.

       --raw  Display --show output without aligning table columns.

       --bytes
              Display swap size in bytes in --show output instead of in  user-
              friendly units.

       -U uuid
              Use the partition that has the specified uuid.

       -v, --verbose
              Be verbose.

       -V, --version
              Display version information and exit.

NOTES
   Files with holes
       The  swap file implementation in the kernel expects to be able to write
       to the file directly, without the assistance of the  filesystem.   This
       is  a problem on files with holes or on copy-on-write files on filesys-
       tems like Btrfs.

       Commands like cp(1) or truncate(1)  create  files  with  holes.   These
       files will be rejected by swapon.

       Preallocated  files created by fallocate(1) may be interpreted as files
       with holes too depending of the filesystem.   Preallocated  swap  files
       are supported on XFS since Linux 4.18.

       The  most  portable  solution to create a swap file is to use dd(1) and
       /dev/zero.

   Btrfs
       Swap files on Btrfs are supported since Linux 5.0 on files  with  nocow
       attribute.  See the btrfs(5) manual page for more details.

   NFS
       Swap over NFS may not work.

   Suspend
       swapon  automatically  detects and rewrites a swap space signature with
       old software suspend data (e.g. S1SUSPEND, S2SUSPEND, ...). The problem
       is that if we don't do it, then we get data corruption the next time an
       attempt at unsuspending is made.

ENVIRONMENT
       LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
              enables libmount debug output.

       LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
              enables libblkid debug output.

SEE ALSO
       swapoff(2),  swapon(2),  fstab(5),  init(8),  fallocate(1),  mkswap(8),
       mount(8), rc(8)

FILES
       /dev/sd??  standard paging devices
       /etc/fstab ascii filesystem description table

HISTORY
       The swapon command appeared in 4.0BSD.

AVAILABILITY
       The  swapon  command is part of the util-linux package and is available
       from https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.

util-linux                       October 2014                        SWAPON(8)